Our complete CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions dataset is a collection of key metrics maintained by Our World in Data. It is updated regularly and includes data on CO2 emissions (annual, per capita, cumulative and consumption-based), other greenhouse gases, energy mix, and other relevant metrics.
The CSV and XLSX files follow a format of 1 row per location and year. The JSON version is split by country, with an array of yearly records.
The indicators represent all of our main data related to CO2 emissions, other greenhouse gas emissions, energy mix, as well as other indicators of potential interest.
We will continue to publish updated data on CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions as it becomes available. Most metrics are published on an annual basis.
A full codebook is made available, with a description and source for each indicator in the dataset. This codebook is also included as an additional sheet in the XLSX file.
The dataset is built upon a number of datasets and processing steps:
- Statistical review of world energy (Energy Institute, EI):
- International energy data (U.S. Energy Information Administration, EIA):
- Primary energy consumption (Our World in Data based on EI's Statistical review of world energy & EIA's International energy data):
- Global carbon budget - Fossil CO2 emissions (Global Carbon Project):
- Global carbon budget - Global carbon emissions (Global Carbon Project):
- Global carbon budget - National fossil carbon emissions (Global Carbon Project):
- Global carbon budget - National land-use change carbon emissions (Global Carbon Project):
- Global carbon budget (Our World in Data based on the Global Carbon Project's Fossil CO2 emissions, Global carbon emissions, National fossil carbon emissions, and National land-use change emissions):
- National contributions to climate change (Jones et al. (2024)):
- Greenhouse gas emissions (including methane and nitrous oxide) by sector (Climate Watch):
- CO2 dataset (Our World in Data based on all sources above):
Additionally, to construct indicators per capita and per GDP, we use the following datasets and processing steps:
- Regions (Our World in Data).
- Population (Our World in Data based on a number of different sources).
- Income groups (World Bank).
- GDP (University of Groningen GGDC's Maddison Project Database, Bolt and van Zanden, 2020).
- 2024-04-10:
- Updated dataset and codebook to use the latest version of the data on National contributions to climate change (Jones et al. (2024)).
- 2023-12-28:
- Enhanced codebook (improved descriptions, added units, updated sources).
- Updated primary energy consumption (to update metadata, nothing has changed in the data).
- 2023-12-05:
- Updated dataset (and codebook) to use the latest version of the Global Carbon Budget (2023).
- In this version, "International transport" has been replaced by "International aviation" and "International shipping". Also, some overseas territories have no data in this version. More details on the changes can be found in the pdf file hosted here.
- Updated dataset (and codebook) to use the latest version of the Global Carbon Budget (2023).
- 2023-11-08:
- Updated CO2 emissions data to use the latest emissions by sector from Climate Watch (2023).
- Update codebook accordingly.
- 2023-10-16:
- Improved codebook.
- Fixed issue related to consumption-based emissions in Africa, and Palau emissions.
- 2023-07-10:
- Updated primary energy consumption and other indicators relying on energy data, to use the latest Statistical Review of World Energy by the Energy Institute.
- Renamed countries 'East Timor' and 'Faroe Islands'.
- 2023-05-04:
- Added indicators
share_of_temperature_change_from_ghg,temperature_change_from_ch4,temperature_change_from_co2,temperature_change_from_ghg, andtemperature_change_from_n2ousing data from Jones et al. (2023).
- Added indicators
- 2022-11-11:
- Updated CO2 emissions data with the newly released Global Carbon Budget (2022) by the Global Carbon Project.
- Added various new indicators related to national land-use change emissions.
- Added the emissions of the 1991 Kuwaiti oil fires in Kuwait's emissions (while also keeping 'Kuwaiti Oil Fires (GCP)' as a separate entity), to properly account for these emissions in the aggregate of Asia.
- Applied minor changes to entity names (e.g. "Asia (excl. China & India)" -> "Asia (excl. China and India)").
- 2022-09-06:
- Updated data on primary energy consumption (from BP & EIA) and greenhouse gas emissions by sector (from CAIT).
- Refactored code, since now this repository simply loads the data, generates the output files, and uploads them to the cloud; the code to generate the dataset is now in our etl repository.
- Minor changes in the codebook.
- 2022-04-15:
- Updated primary energy consumption data.
- Updated CO2 data to include aggregations for the different country income levels.
- 2022-02-24:
- Updated greenhouse gas emissions data from CAIT Climate Data Explorer.
- Included two new columns in dataset: total greenhouse gases excluding land-use change and forestry, and the same as per capita values.
- 2021-11-05: Updated CO2 emissions data with the newly released Global Carbon Budget (v2021).
- 2021-09-16:
- Fixed data quality issues in CO2 emissions indicators (emissions less than 0, missing data for Eswatini, ...).
- Replaced all input CSVs with data retrieved directly from ourworldindata.org.
- 2021-02-08: Updated this dataset with the latest annual release from the Global Carbon Project.
- 2020-08-07: The first version of this dataset was made available.
- We standardize names of countries and regions. Since the names of countries and regions are different in different data sources, we standardize all names in order to minimize data loss during data merges.
- We recalculate carbon emissions to CO2. The primary data sources on CO2 emissions—the Global Carbon Project, for example—typically report emissions in tonnes of carbon. We have recalculated these figures as tonnes of CO2 using a conversion factor of 3.664.
- We calculate per capita figures. All of our per capita figures are calculated from our metric
Population, which is included in the complete dataset. These population figures are sourced from Gapminder and the UN World Population Prospects (UNWPP).
All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.
The data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our database, and you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use.
This data has been collected, aggregated, and documented by Hannah Ritchie, Max Roser, Edouard Mathieu, Bobbie Macdonald and Pablo Rosado.
The mission of Our World in Data is to make data and research on the world’s largest problems understandable and accessible. Read more about our mission.
If you are using this dataset, please cite both Our World in Data and the underlying data source(s).
Please follow the guidelines in our FAQ on how to cite our work.
